Unix Web Hosting for Developers

………………………………………………………………………………………. # mount -t procfs proc /jail1/proc ………………………………………………………………………………………. Your jail is now ready. Entering the Jail Once you have everything configured, use jail(8) to start a jail: ………………………………………………………………………………………. # jail ………………………………………………………………………………………. For example, to do basic configuration of our test jail, do this: ………………………………………………………………………………………. # jail /jail1 jailhost 192.168.1.223 /bin/tcsh ………………………………………………………………………………………. You’ll see a shell prompt, at which point you’re in single-user mode in your jail and your jail is up and running. You could choose any shell you like in the default install I like tcsh for interactive use, so that’s my example. There are differences between your current state and FreeBSD single-user mode, however. While the jail’s startup sequence has not been run, the network is configured by jail. Some commands are unavailable in a jail. For example, try to add an alias to your network interface, and you’ll get a “permission denied” error. Play around a little, and try to break out of the jail. Try to go to a directory you know exists on the system, but is outside of your jail directory. You’re root; try to access processes you know are running on the system. When you’re tired of beating your head against that brick wall, explore the jailed system. Powerful UNIX tools like perl(1) and cc(1) are fully available. You could even cvsup in a jail and rebuild world, although this is not a good idea. (Remember, your kernel and userland absolutely must be in sync; a jailed userland will not crash the kernel, but it certainly won’t work as expected!) Processes Processes in the jail cannot see the rest of the system. Our host server is running a jail, among many other things. Here’s a top snapshot from within a jail running in single-user mode. You can see that the shell process is running, and the top process, but nothing else. You cannot see the processes from the main system. ………………………………………………………………………………………. last pid: 10578; load averages: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 up 1+09:21:29 19:16:49 2 processes: 1 running, 1 sleeping CPU states: 0.0% user, 0.0% nice, 0.4% system, 0.0% interrupt, 99.6% idle Mem: 6708K Active, 27M Inact, 23M Wired, 36K Cache, 61M Buf, 444M Free Swap: 1024M Total, 1024M Free PID USERNAME PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE C TIME WCPU CPU COMMAND 10574 root 20 0 1432K 1116K pause 0 0:00 0.00% 0.00% tcsh 10578 root 96 0 1956K 1136K CPU1 1 0:00 0.00% 0.00% top 180

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