The Root Zone The nameserver uses the root
The Root Zone The nameserver uses the root zone when it has no information on a requested domain or host. These queries are recursed to a root nameserver. Here’s the named.conf entry for the root zone: ………………………………………………………………………………………. zone v “.” { w type hint; x file “named.root”; }; ………………………………………………………………………………………. The first entry (v) tells which domain this entry is for. The dot, in quotes, indicates that this is for the entire Internet. The type (w) is an indicator that says what sort of domain this is. The root zone is special, and it is the only one with the type of hint. Finally, the file keyword (x) tells named which file contains the information for this domain. Named will look in the directory specified in the directory option for a file of this name, and will assign its contents to this zone. We’ll look at these files later. Localhost Zones The localhost zones (IPv4 and IPv6) are used for the local host; they provide DNS services for the loopback IP address, 127.0.0.1. Without them, each system call that tried to look up the hostname for the local host would have to wait to time out, slowing the system immeasurably. Each looks much like the root zone, with a different filename. Here’s the configuration for the IPv4 localhost zone. You’ll find it in named.conf, just under the root zone: ………………………………………………………………………………………. zone v “0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA” { w type master; x file “localhost.rev”; }; ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Looks pretty similar to the options statement and the root zone in the previous section, doesn’t it? The zone name (v) appears in quotes after the word zone. Because this zone is used for reverse DNS, we see IN-ADDR.ARPA. (If you reverse the IP address, you’ll see it’s actually for the 127.0.0 group of IP addresses.) The type (w) indicates whether this nameserver is a master or a slave for this domain. Every nameserver is a master for the localhost zones. Finally, the file keyword (x) tells the nameserver where the file of information on this domain can be found. The information on this zone is contained in the file localhost.rev, found in the directory specified in the directory option. 280
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