Dumpon Now it’s time to tell the system
Dumpon Now it’s time to tell the system where to write the core dump this location is the dumpdev. FreeBSD uses the swap partition as the dump device, which is why it has to be slightly larger than your physical memory. (You can use a UFS partition, but after the crash it won’t be a usable UFS partition any more!) You can get the device name from /etc/fstab. Look for a line with a FSType entry of swap; the first entry in that line is the physical device name. For example, on my laptop, my swap field in /etc/fstab looks like this: ………………………………………………………………………………………. /dev/ad0s4b none swap sw 0 0 ………………………………………………………………………………………. Tell the system to use a dump device with dumpon(8), which must be set each time the system boots. Of course, as you might guess, there’s an rc.conf switch for this. My swap partition is /dev/ad0s4b, so I specify this as the dump device in /etc/rc.conf: ………………………………………………………………………………………. dumpdev=”/dev/ad0s4b” ………………………………………………………………………………………. Savecore Next, tell your system where to save the dump after the reboot using savecore(8). You can change the default, /var/crash, with rc.conf’s dumpdir setting. (This directory must exist; savecore will not create it!) As you become more experienced in saving panics, you may find that you need to adjust the core-saving behavior. Read savecore(8), and set any appropriate options in savecore_flags in /etc/rc. One popular flag is -z, which compresses the core file and can save some disk space. Savecore is now smart enough to automatically eliminate unused memory from the dump, which can save a lot of room. Upon a Crash If you’re in front of your computer when it crashes, you’ll see the panic message. If the system is set to reboot automatically, numbers will start to flow by, counting the megs of memory being dumped. Finally, the computer will reboot, fsck will run, and you can watch savecore copy the memory dump from swap to a file. If your system doesn’t reboot automatically, you’ll need to enter two commands after the panic, at the debugger prompt: panic to sync the disks and continue to start the reboot process. (FreeBSD supports many other debugging options, but you have to know how to use the kernel debugger to make use of them.) Dumps and Bad Kernels Some kernels just crash and die during boot, or won’t stay up long enough to fix a problem. In that case, you need to boot with a different kernel. 456
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